Piasecki Aircraft Gains SBIR Award from DOE “to Evaluate Feasibility of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Power for AAM Rotorcraft”
Piasecki Aircraft Corporation (PiAC) announced this week, it has been awarded a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract by the Department of Energy (DOE) to evaluate the feasibility of Hydrogen Fuel Cells for powering Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) rotorcraft, reports a press release.
The study is focused on the feasibility of using hydrogen fuel cells as a power source for VTOL vehicles. The company has already completed the first phase of this multiphase program and is on track to begin the second later this year.
The release explains, “The SBIR program requires Piasecki to conduct a technical economic analysis (TEA), develop conceptual and preliminary designs, and ultimately develop and test a hydrogen fuel cell powered VTOL UAM aircraft at scale. The first stage compares hydrogen technology to comparable internal combustion engine and battery rotorcraft to determine key metrics such as mission performance, Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) abatement potential, total cost of ownership and technology readiness level.”
The initial study carried out offered a detailed comparison between a baseline internal combustion Robinson R44 helicopter and three variants:-
: Hydrogen fuel cell propulsion with gaseous hydrogen.
: Hydrogen fuel cell propulsion with liquid hydrogen.
: Battery-powered propulsion.
John Piasecki
Using the DOE’s Techno-economic Energy & Carbon Heuristic Tool for Early-Stage Technologies (TECHTEST), the study showed “that hydrogen fuel cell and battery variants have negligible GHG emissions during use and that all variants abate more than 1,300 tons of GHG emissions over five years compared to the R44 powered by an internal combustion engine conducting the same UAM air taxi mission,” continues the release.
John Piasecki, President and CEO of Piasecki Aircraft, commented, ”The Department of Energy’s request for this groundbreaking study underscores the urgent need for innovative, affordable zero-carbon vertical mobility solutions to reduce traffic congestion in urban areas, and vehicular greenhouse gasses.”
He continued, ”The results of our initial study reinforce the potential for hydrogen fuel cells to disrupt the USD40 billion light helicopter replacement market and contribute to the growth of the emerging air taxi industry. We are committed to developing and demonstrating innovative, sustainable solutions for the aviation industry.”
Operational efficiency is vital for UAM, where the ability to support high utilisation rates at required mission distances without refuelling can significantly improve service offerings and economic viability.
The study found that the liquid hydrogen fuel cell variant offered the best performance of the three variants:-
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Superior range: The liquid hydrogen variant matched the range of the internal combustion variant (270 nautical miles) and demonstrated superior range compared with the gaseous hydrogen and battery variants.
Less refueling: The high specific power of the High Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane (HTPEM) hydrogen fuel cells, coupled with the high energy density achievable with liquid hydrogen, allowed the liquid hydrogen variant to complete up to five 50-nautical mile sorties before refuelling, compared with less than two sorties for the gaseous hydrogen variant. The battery powered variant was not able to meet the minimum performance required by DoE’s nominal UAM mission profile without stopping to recharge.
Reduced operating costs: The lowered direct operating cost of both hydrogen fuel variants allowed for the recoupment of marginal additional acquisition cost over the ICE variant: one to four years for the liquid and gaseous hydrogen variants, respectively. The battery powered variant, while suitable for shorter range missions, was never able to recover its acquisition cost premium, due to the limited cycle life of batteries when subjected to high discharge and recharge rates required by the VTOL UAM flight spectrum.
The U.S is working to develop a hydrogen infrastructure that will be key to the country’s long-term energy security and transition away from fossil fuels. In October, the Biden-Harris administration and the DOE announced USD7 billion to launch the country’s first clean hydrogen hubs and promote the development of a hydrogen infrastructure network that will provide clean, renewable energy to power homes, businesses and transportation networks.
The Workings of a Hydrogen Fuel Cell (Credit: www.3m.com)
Background
Piasecki recently announced a USD37 million STRATFI contract with the USAF to accelerate development of HTPEM hydrogen fuel cell propulsion system for its forthcoming PA-890 Slowed Rotor Compound Helicopter.
In partnership with ZeroAvia, Piasecki is to develop and test HTPEM hydrogen fuel cells for VTOL applications, including a HAXEL proof-of-concept flight demonstrator and a full scale 660kW HTPEM hydrogen fuel cell propulsion test stand for the PA-890. Last year, Piasecki acquired a 219,000 square foot state-of-the-art helicopter manufacturing facility from Lockheed Martin Sikorsky in Coatesville, Pennsylvania, where it plans to assemble the PA-890.
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(Top image: Piasecki)
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